Optical alignment lab
(On breadboard) bolted laser (iris held lens 1= 25mm, and iris 2 held lens 2= 30mm), and mirrors.2) We set irises with holes=height of 4.5 in. off the breadboard and screwed both of them in4)properly aligned mirror 1 and 2, distance-wise, according to the diagram provided5) screwed both irises in.
Selected 2 lenses: lens 1 =25 mm, lens 2=30 mm
(Same procedure by inserting lens 2=30mm)
system 1:
beam expander with diverging lens,
System 2: microscope
-camera captured laser intensity onto objective lens-
Task 2
Blackboard Post to determine novel microscope
Task 3
Geometric Optics(pictures on "Optics Lab Pictures" page
Task 4
Physical Optics(Pictures of "Optics Lab Pictures" page)
Task 5
Total internal reflection
An interferometer uses a beam-splitter to separate the incoming light into two distinct beams, which travel in 2 different pathways and ultimately arrive at a single detector. At this point, the two light waves produce an interference pattern where the two plane waves(same frequency) intersect at an angle.
Basic telescope
(https://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~barnes/ASTR110L_S03/basicscopes.html)
My explanation:
There are two lenses, the eyepiece and the objective, one looks through the eyepiece lens, which magnifies the image formed by the objective lens(larger than the eyepiece lens), which directs the light into one's eye. Similar to a magnifying glass, the eye can focus an image at a much more closer magnification at normal viewing. It is understood that parallel light rays pass through the objective lens, and come to a focus at the focal plane, eventually exiting through the eyepiece lens.
Task 7
basic microscope
So, our group, Madison, Mackenzie, Sarah, and I assembled a microscope using post holders, a translation stage, a light source, multiple lenses,
In focusing the image, Mackenzie and Madison spent ample time adjusting necessary components, while I attempted to work out calculations using the Thin Lens Equation, and Magnification equation, where we needed to use the Thin Lens Equation multiple times. Set on the translation stage, we used a biological sample similar to skin cells, but not exactly. From the table at the front of the room(left), the light was positioned on the right side and was projected on the whiteboard--on the left side. The eyepiece was positioned on the side closest the white board, the translation stage was mainly in the center, and irises and the lenses were positioned at the specified places(like so) in the diagram of task 7.
From the light source included the collecting lens, the f-stop, the collimating lems 1, the aperture, collimating lens 2, the three-dimensional translation stage, the imaging path.
Task 8
Quiz
Task 9
Full list of each component for our novel microscope. For my group's dark-field microscope, we used 2 different types of butterfly wings, sand, a light source, a translation stage holding the slide(butterfly wings and sand placed on it), 3-4 lenses in the range of (20-60mm). Also had a circular cutout that served as our opaque disc
Task 10
Novel Microscope
With my group, Sean, Sarah, and myself) We positioned the samples on a glass slide which was situated on a translation stage, focused a light source from the left side of the table through the various lenses(objective, eyepice, and a few others), eventually the light projected onto the whiteboard with a detailed and focused image of the butterfly wings(issues with the sand, unfortunately).opaque disk to block light, as that is what a darkfield microscope does; the image is not supposed to appear bright, in contrast to the epi-fluorescent microscope. The edges of the image were clearly defined, though. The concept of darkfield microscopy can be imagined as light, in our case, not fully being transmitted through the objective lens--the light is reflected, creating this darkfield image
- Aligned laser=532 nm
- (followed diagram given on lab instructions) where mirrors are adjacent to each other, and the laser bounces(reflects) off of the mirrors, changing direction 180 degrees from original position, penetrating iris 1
(On breadboard) bolted laser (iris held lens 1= 25mm, and iris 2 held lens 2= 30mm), and mirrors.2) We set irises with holes=height of 4.5 in. off the breadboard and screwed both of them in4)properly aligned mirror 1 and 2, distance-wise, according to the diagram provided5) screwed both irises in.
- comparison with other group: Madison, Mackenzie: our angle measure : 1.909 degrees
- their angle measure: 1.74 degrees
- difference of 1.909-1.74= .169 degrees
- Installed telescope
Selected 2 lenses: lens 1 =25 mm, lens 2=30 mm
- Fine alignment
(Same procedure by inserting lens 2=30mm)
system 1:
beam expander with diverging lens,
System 2: microscope
-camera captured laser intensity onto objective lens-
- Measured beam width
- Installed razor blade
- -A long focal-length mirror was used to focus a point source of light onto a thin wire (or razor blade edge), which acts as a light block.)
- Ensured micrometer--- a gauge that measures small distances or thicknesses between its two faces, one of which can be moved away from or toward the other by turning a screw with a fine thread--- = 20 micrometers (10^-6) [on mount] and range = 25mm(10^-3)
- turned on power meter and turned off lights for tabular data values (13 with power meter),
- On paper, set up a 2-column table corresponding to the x and y- variables measured. Then, used Excel with (first two columns- and computed derivate (using Excel)
Task 2
Blackboard Post to determine novel microscope
Task 3
Geometric Optics(pictures on "Optics Lab Pictures" page
Task 4
Physical Optics(Pictures of "Optics Lab Pictures" page)
Task 5
Total internal reflection
- (my definition) total internal reflection: the bouncing off of the light beam from the source to another media in which the viewer perspective cannot 100: of the light is reflected as theta increases from 0 degrees to any higher angle, so less refraction, reflected ray eventually not able to be seen
- I used a green laser of unknown wavelength, and the beam traveled in two directions, making a right angle.
- Beam expander
- Unlike a contemporary laser beam expander, one places the object and image lenses opposite its normal position of placement.
- It increases the beam area quadratically w respect to its magnification.
- The total energy contained in the beam is conserved, for the most part.
- The beam expander will increase the input lasdr beam by a specific increment and decrease the divergence by that same increment = smaller collimated beam at a large distance
- Task 6
- Poisson's Spot
- Poisson's spot, by definition, is a diffraction pattern produced by a small spherical object in the path of parallel light rays
- Setup
Our setup included a green laser of unknown wavelength, a whiteboard that the light was projected onto and some type of object which casts a circular shadow.
Significance and how it works- Laser beam expanders increase the diameter of a parallel beam of light(originally projected) so that it is larger in magnitude. Credited with his work on diffraction was French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel described that if a parallel beam of light falls on a spherical obstacle of small, a bright center, a circular spot appears, called Poisson's spot.
An interferometer uses a beam-splitter to separate the incoming light into two distinct beams, which travel in 2 different pathways and ultimately arrive at a single detector. At this point, the two light waves produce an interference pattern where the two plane waves(same frequency) intersect at an angle.
Basic telescope
(https://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~barnes/ASTR110L_S03/basicscopes.html)
My explanation:
There are two lenses, the eyepiece and the objective, one looks through the eyepiece lens, which magnifies the image formed by the objective lens(larger than the eyepiece lens), which directs the light into one's eye. Similar to a magnifying glass, the eye can focus an image at a much more closer magnification at normal viewing. It is understood that parallel light rays pass through the objective lens, and come to a focus at the focal plane, eventually exiting through the eyepiece lens.
Task 7
basic microscope
So, our group, Madison, Mackenzie, Sarah, and I assembled a microscope using post holders, a translation stage, a light source, multiple lenses,
In focusing the image, Mackenzie and Madison spent ample time adjusting necessary components, while I attempted to work out calculations using the Thin Lens Equation, and Magnification equation, where we needed to use the Thin Lens Equation multiple times. Set on the translation stage, we used a biological sample similar to skin cells, but not exactly. From the table at the front of the room(left), the light was positioned on the right side and was projected on the whiteboard--on the left side. The eyepiece was positioned on the side closest the white board, the translation stage was mainly in the center, and irises and the lenses were positioned at the specified places(like so) in the diagram of task 7.
From the light source included the collecting lens, the f-stop, the collimating lems 1, the aperture, collimating lens 2, the three-dimensional translation stage, the imaging path.
Task 8
Quiz
Task 9
Full list of each component for our novel microscope. For my group's dark-field microscope, we used 2 different types of butterfly wings, sand, a light source, a translation stage holding the slide(butterfly wings and sand placed on it), 3-4 lenses in the range of (20-60mm). Also had a circular cutout that served as our opaque disc
Task 10
Novel Microscope
With my group, Sean, Sarah, and myself) We positioned the samples on a glass slide which was situated on a translation stage, focused a light source from the left side of the table through the various lenses(objective, eyepice, and a few others), eventually the light projected onto the whiteboard with a detailed and focused image of the butterfly wings(issues with the sand, unfortunately).opaque disk to block light, as that is what a darkfield microscope does; the image is not supposed to appear bright, in contrast to the epi-fluorescent microscope. The edges of the image were clearly defined, though. The concept of darkfield microscopy can be imagined as light, in our case, not fully being transmitted through the objective lens--the light is reflected, creating this darkfield image